Except as they take the form of Greek letters, pure geometric symbols are not included.
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This dictionary lists acronyms and abbreviations occurring with a reasonable frequency in the medical literature that were identified by a systematic scanning of collections of books and periodicals at the National Library of Medicine. Editors of individual scientific publications make an effort to standardize the form of abbreviations and symbols in their journals and books, but they generally vary from one publication to another. The abbreviation AP may mean alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, action potential, angina pectoris, and many other things. Moreover, they may also have numerous meanings. Abbreviations in the second group, on the other hand, may appear in a variety of forms, the same abbreviation having a different number of letters, sometimes capitalized, at other times not, with or without punctuation. In this category, they mean only one thing (e.g., kg is the symbol for kilogram and Hz for hertz), and their form, capitalization, and punctuation have been established by the International System of Units (Systeme International d'Unites). The first consists of official abbreviations and symbols used in chemistry, mathematics, and other sciences, and those designating weights and measures, whose exact form, capitalization, and punctuation have been determined by official governing bodies. Abbreviations and acronyms used in medicine can be grouped into two broad categories. Also, it is sometimes difficult to fathom the reasoning of bureaucratic acronym makers, who have created some tongue-twisting monstrosities, such as ADCOMSUBORDCOMPHIBSPAC (for Administrative Command, Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet, Subordinate Command). Many are used for other reasons, as for instance, when trying to be delicate, we may euphemistically refer to bowel movement as BM, an unprinicipled individual as SOB, and body odor as BO. Some actually save space in print, such as acronyms for the names of institutions and organizational units, as well as being convenient to use. The main reason for abbreviations is said to be economy.
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It is easier and more economical to write down the acronyms HETE and RAAS than their full names 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, respectively. In medicine, they are used as a convenient shorthand in writing medical records, instructions, and prescriptions, and as space-saving devices in printed literature. It would be difficult to imagine how one could write down chemical and mathematical formulas and equations without using abbreviations or symbols. PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION Acronyms and abbreviations are used extensively in medicine, science and technology for good reason⎯they are more essential in such fields.
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Anderson Publishing Services Manager: Tina Rebane Project Manager: Norman Stellander Designer: Gene Harris Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004108494 Previous editions copyrighted 2001, 1997, 1992, 1987 by Elsevier. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 2, fax: (+1) 2, e-mail: You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (), by selecting 'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions'. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. (2005) FRONT MATTER TITLE PAGE Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations 5th Edition Compiled and edited by Stanley JablonskiĬOPYRIGHT PAGE ELSEVIER SAUNDERS The Curtis Center 170 S Independence Mall W 300E Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106 Dictionary of Medical Acronyms & Abbreviations Copyright © 2005, Elsevier, Inc.
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DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS - 5th Ed.